Not 'welfare', in the form of handouts/payments to indigents, through 'socialist' ideology control of government and pre-engineered 'socialist' distribution of wealth, but 'welfare' in the sense of 'well-being'.

Original meaning and definition of 'justice', meant, 'well-being' of the individual person, from honesty, integrity, accountability, and acceptance of individual responsibility for actions or behavior that attaches to individual ownership of property.

The term 'law', from the Latin, lex,legis, means 'will of the ruler'. Thus, combining the term 'justice' from the Sanskrit' and 'law' from the Latin, the phrase, "justice under law" is derived.

From these ancient languages, from original definition and meaning of the terms 'justice' and 'law', the phrase, "justice under law" is reduced to mean, "well-being under the will of the ruler".

The next question has to be, "Who is the ruler?" and will any or all of us, ever find 'well-being' under the 'will of our mortal rulers'?

The founding fathers of the United States of America (US of A), did not find or experience 'well-being', under the 'will of the ruler', the Monarchy of England. Accordingly, the founding fathers of the United States of America fired a revolution against the Monarchy of England. That bloody revolution was successful, establishing the United States as a Nation, under a 'Constitution' of and for government of that Nation.

After a successful but bloody conflict, founders of the US of A established a Constitution of government intended to provide the governed an optimum means to secure "inalienable" rights to Life, Liberty and pursuit of Happiness. (From the Declaration of Independence, from England, signed on July 4, 1776).

'Life', very simply, is movement; 'Liberty', very simply, is freedom of movement; 'Happiness', very simply, is mental rest.

(In our mortal and material world of existence, 'liberty', or 'freedom of movement', is totally dependent on the purchase or exchange power of units of currency [money]).

From the Greek, 'ecos', meaning 'house, and 'nemein', meaning 'to manage', Dr. Quesnay and his followers preferred to be called 'economists', 'managers of the national household'; therefrom, Dr. Quesnay and his followers were the first in the history of civilization to introduce 'economics' as a systematic study of ways and means to best manage the national household. Thus 'economics', as a new 'science', for an ancient term, was added to the language, vocabulary and studies of all nations on Earth.

Founders of the United States, as a Nation, under a 'Constitution' of and for government, were greatly influenced by new thought circulating in France and in England during that 18th century period of great tumult and enlightenment.

Dr. Quesnay and his followers believed a natural order ruled over man's activities - that our only real problem was to find the natural order, then to conform to its dictates. Quesnay and his followers/adherents rejected the term 'physiocrats'.

If the flow of blood is constricted from 'free-flow' through any part of the human body, result of such constriction is atrophy and decay of that effected part of the human body.

Not many of today's experts even know that Dr. Quesnay ever existed, or recognize that such terms as 'laissez faire' (leave it alone) or 'entrepenuer' (free market venture capitalist) are French language terms introduced by Dr. Quesnay, first 'economist' in the history of human population on planet Earth.
End Note:

Quesnay (1694-1774) from France and Adam Smith (1723-1790) from Scotland, two pioneer investigators of more specific ways and means to manage a 'national household', were asking and attempting to answer the same question: (?) how best to manage the 'national household'(?).

"Although he wrote in the infancy of science, and many of his opinions are not now maintained his (Quesnay's) system is described by Adam Smith as being, with all its imperfections, the nearest approximation to the truth that has yet been published on the subject of political economy."

From Quesnay and Smith, the concept and doctrine of 'free market' capitalism was born - wherein any nation and all its inhabitants could enjoy their greatest advantages and lot in life, if the allocation or distribution of national and international material resources were left to acquisition or purchase through free competition of self-interested individuals.

???Capitalism??? - This was a new term added to the vocabulary of all languages many years earlier by a Franciscan Monk, Fr Luca Pacioli (? -1517), a friend to and companion of Leonardo DaVinci (1452-1519).

"Luca Pacioli wrote Summa de Arithmetica, Geometrica, Proportioni et Proportionalita (Everything About Arithmetic, Geometry and Proportion), which outlined the method of double-entry bookkeeping. Pacioli's book (the Summa) was translated into five languages within its first century of publication. Numerous other authors, writing in German, English, Italian and Dutch, wrote books on the subject whose contents were largely lifted from Summa. Pacioli's accounting method, which came to be known as the "Italian method," became popular throughout Europe."

Pacioli's monastic duties, tending to the inventory of the wine cellars of his monastic order, contributed to development of a systematic procedure for 'journalizing' - to account for all items of income and expense, and to compare income and expense items of transaction against each other using the balance equation - Assets(what you own) = Liabilities (what you owe) + Capital (difference between what you own and what you owe).

Thus, it can be said, Fr. Pacioli was the first to compile and introduce foundation for all principles of accounting used currently and universally by all who have existed and continue to exist on planet Earth, since the 15th century.

Unrestrained competition results in a rape of natural/material resources from exploitation of human labor to produce or make material product from naturally existing material.

Observation of exploitation of human labor during the Industrial Revolution was made by Karl Marx (1818-1883). This observation by Marx led to attack against 'capitalism' and called for establishment of 'Communism' (total public ownership of property), the anti-thesis and mortal enemy of 'Capitalism' (i.e., private ownership of property).

Persuaded to 'communism', under the leadership of Lenin (Nikolai Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov - 1870-1924), an army of 'anti-capitalists' was born, and continues to exist and to grow - working to replace the excesses of 'capitalism' with subjugation of the masses under a tyranny of 'atheistic-socialism' (state ownership and control of all the sources and means of production of material product).

Origin of Communism and/or socialism is traceable to Socrates (479?-399 B.C.), from more than 2300 years ago. It was Socrates who outlined the blueprint for state ownership and control of all the sources and means of mind control and production of material product. (See Plato's ten books of the 'Republic' - transcription by Plato (427?-347 B.C.) of conversation of Socrates (the narrator) with six old men. Plato in his own person is not present or included in the dislogue.)

The 'ministers of finance' of the largest central banks of the world care not whether any nation embraces 'socialist' or 'capitalist' ideology for rule and control of any 'national household', so long as they, 'finance ministers of the central banks of the world', retain their control over interest rates, i.e., the time-cost of borrowed money (units of currency).

Here, through the many files of this website, we intervene to present result of analytical investigation of macro-economic theory, from understanding of electron theory and accounting principles.

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